Department of Dispensing Technology

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT 

The department of Dispensing Opticianry was established in the polytechnic at the start of 2014/ 2015 academic session, with a total of about 100 students and Dr(Mrs) Chinenye Ibeh as the Pioneer Head of Department. Dr (Mrs) Chinenye Ibeh served as the Head of Department until the 8^th of June, 2020 when Dr (Mrs) Chidinma Amuneke was appointed as the head of department.

The profession, Dispensing Opticianry is regulated by the Optometrists and Dispensing Opticians Registration Board of Nigeria (ODORBN). Being the first polytechnic to run Dispensing Opticianry programme in Nigeria, the institution is poised towards training the students to become Dispensing Opticians who design, fit eyeglasses, and dispense corrective and contact lenses following prescription from an ophthalmologist or optometrist.

PHILOSOPHY 

The program is a unique and independent practice with an emphasis placed on personal services, correctly fitted frames, and accurately dispensed lenses. It is a practice that is dedicated to reassuring individual and professional services in:

1. Standard methods of mounting spectacle lenses on frames of various shapes and designs.

2. The art and skill of ophthalmic lens production

3. Proper marketing and management skills in ophthalmic wares.

MISSION

1. To produce Dispensing Opticians with sufficient technical skill who could efficiently utilize various types of equipment and machines in modern ophthalmics.

2. To produce Dispensing Opticians who are well grounded in the general management of ophthalmic dispensing.

VISION

To train and produce highly qualified dispensing opticians with scientific and professional standard capable of functioning and competing internationally.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME

1. To enable students to develop the skills and qualities relevant for immediate employment in Dispensing Opticianry.

2. To equip students with knowledge and understanding of techniques and developments related to a career in optical dispensing.

3. On completion of the programme, the students should be able to do the following.

i. Use measuring and testing instruments

ii. Test the visual acuity of clients and measure biometric data under the supervision of an Optometrist or ophthalmologist.  

4. To produce skilled man power in the art of  frames design, production of lenses, marketing of eye wares.

5. To provide such training as would equip graduates of the programme to collaborate with other ophthalmic practitioners in providing eye-care services.

6. To prepare students towards qualifying for registration with the board.

7. To produce Dispensing Opticians who could satisfy internationally recognized standards in dispensing optics.

8. To prepare graduates of the programme for higher training (HND DO) in the production of lenses, frames and ocular prosthesis.

STAFF STRENGTH

The department has eleven (11) Academic staff and three (3) non-academic staff.

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

1. Graduates of the programme can be employed in hospitals/ clinics with Dispensing units.

2. They can work in Optometry clinics

3. They can work in surfacing labs

4. They can go into self – employment by setting up optical laboratories to service eye clinics, hospitals and the general public.

DEPARTMENT CONTACT

Email: dispensingtech@fpno.edu.ng

Phone no: 08038823330

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
Candidates who seek admission into this department / programme must possess a minimum of four (4) credits in 

WASSCE / SSCE and / or NECO in not more than two (2) sittings in English Language, Mathematics, Physics and any of chemistry or Biology.
JAMB: English language, Chemistry, Biology and Physics.

STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAMME
The programme is run in four semesters and structured as follows;
PERIOD OF FORMAL STUDIES: 1st semester, 2nd semester and 3rd semester
OPTICAL WORKSHOP: 2nd semester and 4th semester
EXTENRSHIP PROGRAMME: 4th semester (this is done outside the institution in any Surfacing Lab and/or Optical workshop)
IN-SCHOOL TRAINING: This is done for one year after the 4th semester. It precedes the professional board exam.
AWARD OF DIPLOMA CERTIFICATE
The duration of the training programme is 4 semesters for ordinary National Diploma (OND) and 4 semesters for Higher National Diploma (HND). The first two semesters in OND shall be devoted to general and foundation courses while the remaining semesters in OND and HND shall be devoted to professional courses and intensive practical sessions in the ophthalmic laboratory including industrial training.
For a student to graduate from the programme he/she shall be expected to obtain at least a pass grade in all core courses, compulsory courses and General studies courses.
The professional examination which is usually the final examination shall be conducted by the board (ODORBN). This will lead to the award of National Diploma Certificate in Dispensing Opticianry (OND DO). Only those who made it in this exam will be known and regarded as graduates from the programme. However, students who could not make it in the board exam are advised and allowed to re-sit the qualifying examination in the subsequent year. A student who is unsuccessful after two extra attempts would be advised to withdraw from the programme.

PASS MARK
To obtain a pass grade in a given examination, the student must score a minimum of 50% in all courses. This will be made up as follows; 

class attendance (5%) continuous assessment (5%) practical assessment (30%) and semester examination (60%).
ELIGIBILITY FOR PROFESSIONAL BOARD EXAM
The student shall be eligible to sit for professional exam when he/she must have passed all the courses.
He/she must have paid for indexing, the practical manual and the board exam itself.
A student who has not completed the industrial training or project work shall not be eligible to participate in the final qualifying board examination.

COURSE CODES AND COURSE TITLES  
Year 1  1st Semester

2^nd semester 

Year II  1st Semester

2nd Semester

COURSE DESCRIPTION FOR YEAR 1

DDO 012:  INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN BIOLOGY (3 UNITS)
DURATION: 5 hours/Week
GOAL: To introduce the students to biology of living organisms, cellular process and the vascular system

OBJECTIVES:
1. Understanding of the characteristics of cellular, tissue and organ levels of organization.
2.  Understanding of structure and function of different tissue types
3. Understanding of the metabolism of cells
4. Understand the structure and functional relationships of circulating system.
5. Understanding of the structure and functions of the nervous system.
 
Course Description
Cell membrane, functions and components of cell membrane, Diffusion, Active transport and transporters, intracellular components, structure and function, epithelia tissue, connective tissue, skeletal and cardiac muscle, structure of nerves, structure and functions of microscope, functions of glands, endocrine and exocrine glands, structure and functions of glands, glandular insufficiency disease, structure of bones, structure of skin, metabolism, energy required in cells, histolysis, Krebs cycle, hexose monophosphate shunt, Homeostasis, phosphorylation, structure and functions of the heart, blood circulation, roles of arteries, veins, arterioles, capillaries and venules, starting’s law, cardiac cycle, carbondioxide in blood flow, plasma, nerve cells, sensory receptors on the skin, anatomical structure of the spines, the brain, ventricles of the brain, CSF, CSF formation, cranial nerves, nerve impulse, synapses, pharmacology of synaptic event, the structure of skull, bones and foramina’s and structures that pass through them.

DDO 016: Professional Studies 1 (3 units)
Duration: 5 hours / week
Goal: To prepare students for clinical examination by introducing them to various test used in ophthalmic practice.

OBJECTIVES:
1.    Understand the profession role and ethical obligations of ophthalmologists, optometrists, ophthalmic dispenses and other related professionals.
2.    Understand basic clinical tests of visual function
3.    Understand all types of ammetropia and how to correct each of them.
4.    Understand ocular accommodation, its disturbance and the clinical methods of management.
5.    Understand binocular vision and binocular muscular ordination.
6.    Understand the binocular muscular anomalies.  

Course Description
Ethical responsibilities of dispensing opticians to clients, visual acuity, clinical visual acuity, letter selection, near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and glare, spatial frequency, ammetropia, its correction, Astigmatism and its correction accommodation, aphakia, anisometropia aniseikonia, accommodation, purkinje images, orthophoria, eye movements and types, binocular vision, disjunctive movement of eye, convergence, heterophony, hetentropia prism adaptation and vision training.

OBJECTIVES:
1.    Understand atoms, molecules, elements and composition of matter
2.    Understand the characteristics of acids, bases and salts in chemical reactions.
3.    Understand the chemical composition and properties of lenses and frame.

Course Description
Structure of atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, state of matter, solid, liquids and gas, basic organic and inorganic chemistry, Acids, Bases, salts, chemical composition and structure of lenses.

DDO 015:   Experimental Optics (2 units)
Duration: 4 hours / week
Goal: To help the student understand theoretical knowledge in optics and develop skills by doing experiments in geometric optics.
OBJECTIVES:
1.    Understand relation between practical physics and theoretical physics
2.    Determine the radius of curvature of lenses and mirrors
3.    Determine the percentage of light transmitted by a sheet of glass
4.    Determine the reflecting power of a surface
5.    Determine the focal length of lenses and mirrors
6.    Determine the refractive index of solids and liquids.
 
Course Description
Practicals are on the following;
Measurement tools, experimental errors, venire caliper and micrometer instruments, density, geometrical shapes radius of curvature of lenses, mirrors, we use of spherometer in measurement, reflecting power using photometer, focal length of concave lenses, focal length of convex lenses using plane mirror, image distance and objects distance, focal length of convex lenses, focal length of mounted lenses, refractive index of glass, liquids and other materials using convex and concave method.

COM 001:  Computer Application 1 (2 units)
Duration:   3 hours / week
Goal: To enable the students have the knowledge of various computer applications.

Course Description:
Components of computer, Hard ward, software application, Basic operations of a computer, MS – word processing package, Ms- Excel package, features of programme language and Excel formula.
 
COM 013: Elementary Mathematics (3 units)
Duration: 3 hours / week
Goal: To teach and show students how to apply mathematics and methods to solve the analytical problems, also give them the basics of understanding advanced topics and help the student to be familiar with mathematics skills.
OBJECTIVES:
1.    Understand sets and their operations
2.    Under linear equation and its general formulas
3.    Understand linear in equalities and their solutions
4.    Understand rectors and their operations
5.    Understand matrices and their operations
6.    Understand determinants and their operation
7.    Know methods of Cartesian geometry
8.    Know the theory of conic section
9.    Know the general system in coordinate geometry
 
Course Description
Definition of set, its formulas, sets operation, linear equation and its general formula, graphical approach to linear equation, definition of equality, solution of linear inequality, vector quantities, vector representation in Cartesian form, vectors algebra, matrix, matrix operations, matrix algebra, inverse matrix, linear equation using matrices, crammer method, definition of determines calculating value for determinants, Cartesian plane, distance between points, axis translation and rotation, equation of the circle, equation of parabola and ellipse, hyperbola, cornice sections, Cartesian coordinates in three dimensions, spherical coordinates, vectors and cylindrical coordinates.

COM 010: Basic Principles of Optics (2 units)
Duration:    4 hours / week
Goal: Understand geometrical optics

OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand behaviour of light
2. Understand optical objects and images
3. Understand thin lenses and ray diagrams
4. Understand models of lenses
5. Understand the laws of refraction
6. Understand prisms and prismatic properties of lenses
7. Understand reflection
8. Understanding of photometry

Course Description
Rays, Beams of light, Reflection of light, law of refraction and reflection, formation of images, virtual and real images, snellen’s laws of refraction, conjugate points, vergence equation, Dioptric power, focal length equation, lateral magnification, emmetropia, ammetropia, ocular accommodation, plus and minus lenses, spectacle lens correction versus contact lenses. Basis of retrial images, symmetry point in a single surface system, nodal plane, Geneva lens measure reading, front and back surface power, vertex neutralization, lens shapes, thin lenses, thick lenses, total internal reflection, prisms, prentices rule, hand neutralization, Fresnel lenses, mirrors and reflecting interfaces, primary and secondary principal plane, photometry, candle, candle power and candela, solid angle, luminous flux, luminous intersity, illminance and luminance.  

GNS 101: Use of English Language (2 credit)
Duration: 4 hours / week
Goal: To enable the students acquire effective communication skills in English language.
OBJECTIVES;
1. Understand the concept of communication
2. Understand basic rules of communication
3. Understand the various methods of communication

Course Description
Definition of communication, concept of communication rules of grammatical structure, spoken English, Reading, parts of speech, comprehension, EASSY writing, letter writing, summary, official letters and report writing.

2nd Semester Year 1
COM 022: Introduction ocular Anatomy (3 units)
Duration:  4 hours / week
Goal: To understand ocular Anatomy

Objectives
1. Understand the functions of the eyelid
2. Understand the lacrimal system and tear film
3. Understand the function of the cornea
4. Understand the function of the extra ocular mussels
5. Understand the function of ocular circulation
6. Understand ciliary epithelia and aqueous humour & intraocular passion
7. Understand the vitreous humour & its functions
8. Understand function of the lens
9. Understand accommodation and presbyopia
10.Understand the functions of the pupil.


Course Description
Function of the eyelid, structure and layers of the tear film, functions of each layer, characteristics of the cornea, cornea, detergence, physiology of the cornea, epithelial wound healing, corneal nerve function, refractive power of the cornea, extra ocular muscles, sherington’s law, herring’s law, duction, version, vergence, physiology of saccades, Ballistic innervations, main saccade and corrective eye movement, blood ocular barrier, auto regulation of blood flow, ocular pulse, ciliary’s epithelia functions, ocular rigidity, functions of the vitreous, Aging changes in the vitreous, lens and its properties, chemistry of lens proteins, lens transparency, cataract, mechanism of accommodation, effect of convergence and presbyopia.

DDO 012: Pathology and Microbiology (3 units)
Duration: 3 hours / week
Goal: To introduce the students to the biology of micro-organisms relevant to human diseases and to the basic disease processes that occur in human especially those with ocular implications.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To demonstrate an understanding of micro organisms that causes diseases.
2. Understand the fundamental pathological processes.
3. Effectively classify disease process according to pathogenesis.

Course Description
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells, bacteria, morphology of cells, Gram + ive and gram – ve micro organisms, spore formation, genetic mechanism of bacteria, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, disease state, pathogenic organisms, viruses, classification of viruses, difference between double standard & single stranded, Biology of fungi, morphology of yeast and moulds, mycology, protozoan, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and arthropods, inflammation and repair, immunological injury, reversible and irrevisible cell injury, cytogenetics, genetic disorders, recognition of x-linked inheritance, congenital anomalies, Neoplasia, hematopoiesis, chronic obstruction diseases (OCPD), cardiovascular system, characteristics of congestion and edema, thromboembolism, arthrosclerosis, aneurysms, coronary heart disease, endocrine organs, diabetes, diseases of the Thyroid, disorders of adrenal gland, cerebrovascular disease, stroke, myastheria gravis and Alzheimer’s disease.  


DDO 023: Introduction to ocular physiology (3 units)
Duration:   3 hours / week
Goal: Understand ocular physiology

Objectives:
11. Understand the functions of the eyelid
12. Understand the lacrimal system and tear film
13. Understand the function of the cornea
14. Understand the function of the extra ocular mussels
15. Understand the function of ocular circulation
16. Understand ciliary’s epithelia and aqueous humour & intraocular passion
17. Understand the vitreous humour & its functions
18. Understand function of the lens
19. Understand accommodation and presbyopia
20. Understand the functions of the pupil.

Course Description
Function of the eyelid, structure and layers of the tear film, functions of each layer, characteristics of the cornea, cornea, detergence, physiology of the cornea, epithelial wound healing, corneal nerve function, refractive power of the cornea, extra ocular muscles, sherington’s law, herring’s law, duction, version, vergence, physiology of saccades, Ballistic innervations, main saccade and corrective eye movement, blood ocular barrier, auto regulation of blood flow, ocular pulse, ciliary’s epithelia functions, ocular rigidity, functions of the vitreous, Aging changes in the vitreous, lens and its properties, chemistry of lens proteins, lens transparency, cataract, mechanism of accommodation, effect of convergence and presbyopia.

DDO 025:    Clinical Optical Dispensing 1
Duration:    5 hours / week
Goal: Understand clinical use of spectacles, contacts lenses and low vision aids.
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
1. Understand clinical requirement of spectacle frame
2. Understand clinical issues relating to single vision lenses
3. Understand clinical issues relating to multifocal lenses
4. Understand clinical issues relating to special purpose spectacles
5. Understand clinical issue relating to protective lenses
6. Understand methods of checking lenses
7. Understand low vision aids.

Course Description
Characteristics of ideal frame, types of spectacle frame materials, single vision lenses, transposition, back vertex power, centration of lenses, decentration, prismatic effect, clinical indicators for prescribing multifocal lenses, progressive lenses, special purpose spectacles, clinical indicators of special purpose spectacles, recumbent spectacles, hemanopic spectacles, shielded spectacles, clinical indications of toughened lenses, ocular protection against electromagnetic radiation, materials for tint, indications for driver’s spectacle, poly carbonate lens materials, factors checked in spectacles, positioning of spectacles, adjustment principles of spectacle frame, visual disabilities, visual impairment, visual disorder, low vision, low vision aids, visual rehabilitation, non visual rehabilitation, resources used for the blind, learning media for the usually impaired, fabrication of telescope and magnifiers, counseling, methods for low vision, indication of low vision aids, indications for hand magnifiers, indications for telescope, and mounted or hand held telescopes.

DDO 034:    Optical Workshop 1  
Duration:    8 hours / week
Goal: To understand laboratory work

OBJECTIVES
1. Perform frame measurement
2. Understand how frames are made
3. Carry out routine maintainace and repair of spectacles including hard soldering.  
4. Tint plastic lenses and understand how glass lenses are made
5. Mount lenses in rimless spectacles
6. Make lenses by hand.

Courses Description
The practical shall be on the following:
Lens dimensions, frame measurement, boxing system, making of plastic frames, frame soldering, brazing and welding, metal frames, tinting of lenses, coating of lenses, rimless mounting, drilling, plastic lenses, lens production, lens blanks, hand edging and surface coating.  

COM 002:    computer Application II (2 units)
Duration:    3 hours / week
Goal: to develop and present a power point presentation, use the world wide web (www) and to use E-mail address:
OBJECTIVES:
1. Develop and present a power point presentation
2. Use efficiently the world wide web and use efficiently the search engines
3. Set up and correctly on E-mail application.

Course Description

The practical shall be on the following
Power point application, creation of presentation, internet, internet protocols, internet explorer 7, internet structure e-mail, world wide web, remore access, file sharing, steaming media, voice, telephone, saving of pages, spam blocking pushing filter, virus protection, address book, traditional dial up, broad band, DSL, broad band cable & satellite vesta and windows plus, windows XP, sharing internet and connecting to public hotspot.

DDO 021:    Physical optics 1 (3 units)
Duration:    4 hours / week
Goal: To develop the students understanding of the wave of light and some optical phenomenon.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Understanding wave motion
2. Understand the nature of electromagnetic radiation
3. Understand the relationship of colour with waves length
4. Understand the absorption and transmission of light
5. Understand the reflection of light
6. Understand refraction of light
7. Understand total internal reflection
8. Understand the meaning of intensity of a wave
9. Understand the scattering of light.

Course description
Waves, types of waves, velocity of the wave, harmonic wave, phase and phase angle, electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic radiation, infrared rays ultraviolet- rays, effects on the eye, monochromatic lights, colour vision, visible light, corresponding wavelength in vacuum, light absorption, transparent medium, exponenal law of absorption, transitivity and transmission, lamberts law, reflection of light, speed of light, index of refractions, optical path length, total internal, critical angle refraction, intensity of wave, homogenous and in homogenous medium, ray light & light scattering.  




YEAR II                 FIRST SEMESTER


DDO 035:    Professional studies II  (3 credit units)
Duration:    3 hours
Goal: Understand the Nigeria health system
OBJECTIVES:
1. Demonstrate a knowledge of the development of health care in Nigeria.
2. Understand the major health challenges faced by Nigeria
3. Understand the structure of the Nigeria health care system
4. Understanding the geographical issues affecting health care provision.  
5. Understand the workforce issues affecting health care provision
6. Understand the role of private providers of healthcare in the different tiers of the provision.
7. Understand the role of health insurance and managed care
8. Understand the implications of health care provision in other African States.
Course Description
Traditional health care in Nigeria, Herbal treatment of diseases, health insurance, basic health services scheme, development of NHIS, WHO child mortality rate, public health, sanitation, Nutrition, housing, education, environment, workplace, National health policy, three tier structure of health provision, NAFDAC, urban versus rural provision of health care, ratio of health workers in different profession, work force planning in health care, work force issues in development of issues in Nigeria, US model of health care. Role of clarifies in health care, health insurance, health issues facing Nigeria’s neighbour and international aid.

DDO 0211:    Visual optics (2 credits)
Duration:    4 hours / week
Goal: To enable the students appreciate the simulating between the eye and optical system.

OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the optical system of the eye as compared to that of a photographic camera.
2. Understand the similarity between the retina and the film of the camera and the retina.
3. Know the effect of lenses on refractive errors and vision.

Course Description.
The human eye an optical system, the eye as a photographical camera, optical principles of the schematic eye, lens Camera.
Theory of refraction, refraction of light through lenses, Microscopes and telescopes in vision care centration, Decentration, prismatic effect, total internal reflection. Dispersion of white light.  
DDO 111:    Health science for opticians (3 credits)
Duration:    4 hours / week
Goal:  To enable student understand the basic working principles of the human body.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the various circulatory systems
2. Understand blood and its general functions
3. Understand the structure of the eye and its function
4. Understand the process of vision and perception
5. Understand the various types of refractive errors and their remedy.

Course Description
The central nervous system, co-ordination of body function Eye, Ear, olfactory functions, Basic hygiene, care of environment, method of waste disposal, Nutrition, mal- nutrition, environmental health and wellness, epidemic, causative agent, remedy, communicable and non-communicable disease.

DDO 031::    Synopsis of Ophthalmic Lenses (3 credits)
Duration:    3 hours / week
Goal: To introduce the students to different types of lens materials and their properties, how such properties developed during processing and how it can be modified and tailored to suit various applications and human requirements.
 
OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify major factors controlling materials, properties and know the basic mechanical, thermal and electrical properties
2. Know the atomic and molecular configuration of materials and the chemical bonds and their participation in developing the different materials properties.
3. Know the principles of the microstructure of materials and the calculations which enables understanding the different properties in order to be able to control and modify them.
4. Know the polymeric materials, their properties and utility of the properties in various applications
5. Know the ceramic materials, their properties and utility of the properties in various application
6. Know the basic characteristics of glass and glass types
7. Know the different stages of preparation, melting, glass forming and final machining operators and their impact in the final properties.

Course description
Microstructure of lenses, materials, thermal properties, chemical properties, optical properties, crystallisalion, atomic order for solids, allotropic forms, impurities in solids, crystal defects, micro molecule, multiphase alloys, phase quantities deformation of polymers, hydrogels for contact lenses, ceramic phases, mechanical properties of ceramics, types of glass, material composition, formation of glass.

DDO 033:    Introduction to diseases of the eyes (3 credits)
Duration:    3 hours / week
Goal: To understand the signs, symptoms, causes and treatment of common ocular disease.

OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the causes of visual loss
2. Understand the causes of Red eye
3. Understand the causes of chalazia and external hordeolum
4. Understand cataract
5. Understand diabetes and the eye
6. Understand glaucoma
7. Understand leucokoria congenital & pediatric diseases
8. Understand the complications of myopia
9. Understand strabismus
10.Understand training
11. Understand Cranial nerve palsy
12. Understand ptosis
13. Thyroid eye disease

Course Description
Signs, cause & symptoms of sudden and gradual loss of vision, painless loss of vision, painful lose of vision, management strategies, responsibility of a dispensing optician, acute conjunctivitis, scleritis, ocular ulcer, foreign body, uveitis, acute angle glaucoma, red eye, subconjunctival hemorrhage, chalazia, external hordeolum, blephritis cataract, diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, treatment of glaucoma, congenital pediatric diseases, myopia, strabismus, trauma on the orbit cranial nerve palsy.

DDO 38:    Clinical Optical dispensing II (2 credit)
Duration:    5 hours / week
Goal: To build up skills needed for clinical practice, by learning to work effectively with patients to assess their needs and to achieve a satisfactory clinical outcome.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the basic elements of professional consultation and the importance of communication skills
2. Understand and perform a needs analysis to precede frame selection
3. Use the various measurement devices available to assess the pd facial dimensions needed to order and adjust a frame
4. Perform a satisfactory professional fitting and delivery of a completed spectacle order.
5. Work with children, careers and clients with special needs to achieve a satisfactory professional outcome.

Course Description
Profession consultation, needs of clients, confirmation services, dealing with difficult patients, determining various visual tasks, frame selections, lens selection, tint selection, distance pd, near pd, facial measurement, frame measurement, angular dimensions of face, multifocal lens types, occupational lens types and needs on frame selections, monocular pd, fitting height for bifocal lenses, fitting height for multifocal lenses, preparation of single vision lens job, quality and accuracy of finished job, dispensing procedures, checks and requirements for children spectacle.
 


DDO 032:    Basics of book keeping for opticians
Duration:    3 hours / week
Goal: To provide students with the knowledge to develop a small business to the point of starting up.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To identify business opportunities related to the students knowledge and ability.
2. To be able to translate potential customer needs into projects and develop time and cost estimates.
3. To identify need for keeping and analysis of simple records
4. To keep simple financial records
5. To produce a business plan

Course Description
Business world, potential customers and needs, job planning and design, customer requirement, timing, costs, record, stock records, simple accounts, cash, flow, profit and loss statement, balance sheet, business plan.

YEAR II
SECOND SEMESTER
DDO 033:    Introduction Ocular prothesis (3 credits)
Duration:    2 hours / week
Goal: To know how to fit eye prosthetics.

Objectives:
1. Understand the indications for prothesis
2. Fit, and manage the artificial eye
3. Design and fabricate artificial eye
4. Understand the indications for fitting orbital shell implants
5. Design and fabricate orbital shell implants

Course Description
Reasons and process of enucleation, Reasons and process of evisceration, clean and dirty socket, counseling patients for prosthesis, colours and textures of ins, fitting artificial eye, maintenance and storage of artificial eyes, materials used in making artificial eyes, process of making a mould of the socket or pithitic eye, tools used in fabrication, stages in fabrication, indications for fitting sdera, conjunctiva, materials needed for fabrication of sidereal shell, fabrication of conjunctiva shell & fabrication of globe implant.

DDO 033:    Physical Optic II (2 credits)
Duration:    3 hours / week
Goal: Understanding the optical phenomenon and its reasons which depend on wave property of light and studying the idea of laser various applications which enter to human life.
Objectives:
1.    Understand super-imposition
2.    Understand phenomenon of interference of light waves
3.    Understand the phenomenon of diffraction of light waves
4.    Determine actions of diffraction gratings
5.    Understand the nature of lasers
6.    Know the various applications of lasers


Course Description
Superposition of waves, superposition of two harmonic waves, standing waves, inference, interference, diffraction of light, huygen’s principle, fraunhofer diffraction, releigh’s criterion for resolving power, diffraction grating, angular dispersion, electromagnetic, polarized and unpolarised light, malu’s law, polarization by scattering, optical activity, quantum theory of light, broad application of laser, use of laser in treatment of eye diseases and laser safety.  

DDO 033:    Dispensing optics externship (3 credits)
Duration:    12 hours
Goal: Development of high levels of practical skills as dispensing optician by working in a practice situation.

Objectives:
1. Display high levels of competence in communicating with clients and colleagues
2. Display high levels of competence in selecting suitable frames and lenses for patients
3. Display high levels of competence in fitting frames and lenses for clients.
4. Display high levels of competence in all aspects of workshop activities.
5. Display high levels of competence of record keeping

Course Description
 Extenship in optical dispensing is intended to enable the students to develop high level of professional skills in practice setting. The practice must be one where optical prescriptions from optometrists and/or ophthalmologists are routinely dispensed. The practice must also have an optical workshop where finished spectacles are produced from frames and finished lenses.

DDO 044:    Introduction to practice management (3 credits)
Duration:    
Goal: To educate the students on the underlying principles guiding the establishment of small scale business enterprise.
Objectives:
1. Understand the basic techniques in the establishment of a small scale business enterprise.
2. Understand the standard method of keeping stock of optical good clenses, frames etc
3. Understand the basic criteria for the choice of business location.
Course Description
Technical guide to the establishment of an ophthalmic laboratory office location and space, relevant equipment and machines, stock (lenses, frames, equipment) principle of ophthalmic dispensing and marketing, credit facilities. Loans,liabilities, management of staff and materials patient’s rights and privileges.  

DDO 033:    Workshop II (3 credits)
Duration:    8 hours / week
Goal: Training students on optical workshop.

Objectives:  
1. Understand how to cut lenses
2. Process multi power lenses
3. Process prismatic lenses
4. Surface meniscus and tonic lenses

Course description
Automatic edging, making of formers, manual cutting of lenses, mechanical cutting of lenses, lens edging, rimless mounting, measurement of multi-power lenses, edging multi-power lenses, identification of prismatic lenses, cutting and edging of prismatic lenses & lens surfacing.

DDO 033:    Project  (4 credits)
Duration:    3 hours / week
Goal: To provide an opportunity for the student to plan and solve technical problems systematically in a laboratory or clinical setting.

Objectives:
1. Understand rules of report
2. Understand project planning
3. Understand methods of collection of project materials
4. Collect and record the data for the project work
5. Analyze the collected Date
6. Analyze the collected data
7. Check the accomplished work
8. Final project and write final report.
 
Course Description
Principles, report, types, writing stages, writing guidelines, target and objectives, work load literature survey, practical work data collection and recording methods, data analysis, inferences and conclusions.


DDO 033:    Seminar in Dispensing Optics
Duration:    3 hours / week
Goal: To further educate the students on more detailed presentation of scientific papers.
Objectives
1. Better informed in the art of presentation of scientific paper.
2. Better informed in the art of carrying out scientific research work.

Course Description
The students should be encouraged to independent work. They should be assigned individual topics on current trends in the optical world for presentation.
 

    DISPENSING OPTICIANRY DEPARTMENT
FIRST SEMESTER COURSE ALLOCATION FOR ND1

DISPENSING OPTICIANRY DEPARTMENT
FIRST SEMESTER COURSE ALLOCATION FOR ND11

DISPENSING OPTICIANRY DEPARTMENT
SECOND SEMESTER COURSE ALLOCATION FOR ND1

    DISPENSING OPTICIANRY DEPARTMENT
SECOND SEMESTER COURSE ALLOCATION FOR  ND11

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